So many influencers on social media are encouraging us to buy supplements and invest in quick and easy life hacks to “boost your immune system” that claim to keep you healthy and fight off illness before you get sick.
Sounds amazing, right? Too good to be true?
Spoiler alert – it is!
These claims are not based on science and what is known about immune function. Healthy immune systems don’t need costly supplements or quick and easy life hacks to work properly. The immune system works best when it is perfectly balanced. Scientific experts on the immune system – immunologists – know that too much of an immune reaction could result in allergies, autoimmune disorders or chronic inflammation. On the flip side, too little of an immune reaction could result in illness or infection.
Your immune system requires a delicate balance to operate properly. When it’s out of balance, your immune system itself can cause disease.
Immune cells undergo boot camp training
The immune system is the mobile defense system of your body. It is a complex network of cells and organs that work together to protect your body from infection and disease. Your immune cells are continually on patrol, traveling throughout your body looking for infectious invaders and damage.
New immune cells are created in your bone marrow every day. Certain immune cells – called B and T cells – are the special forces of the immune system, playing an important role in the elimination of infectious invaders. Because of this role, these cells undergo a rigorous boot camp training during their development to ensure they will not discharge friendly fire on healthy cells in the body.
Your immune system is an extensive network of cells and many other components that constantly surveil your body.
Any B cell or T cell that attacks self – also known as autoreactivity – is killed during training. Millions of newly created B and T cells are killed every day because they fail this training process. If these self-reactive cells escape destruction, they could turn against the body and carry out an inappropriate autoimmune attack.
My research investigates how B cells are able to slip past the checkpoints the immune system has in place to guard against autoreactivity. These tolerance checkpoints ensure that autoreactive immune cells are either removed from the body or held in permanent lockdown and unable to engage in inappropriate responses that would target healthy tissue.
A Perfectly Balanced Immune System Matters
You’ve likely seen advertisements for dietary supplements that promise to “boost immune function.” While this may sound appealing, it is important to keep in mind that the immune system functions best when perfectly balanced.
If the immune system is like a thermostat, turning it up too high results in overactivation and uncontrolled inflammation, while turning it down too low results in a failure to respond to infection and disease.
Because sustaining immune balance is critical, tinkering with the immune system through the use of supplements is not a good idea unless your healthcare practitioner lets you know that your body doesn’t make enough of some important nutrients it needs to stay healthy. For people with healthy levels of nutrients, taking supplements could lead to a false sense of security, particularly since the fine print on the back of supplements usually has this disclaimer about their listed benefits: “This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.”
Eating a well-balanced diet, exercising regularly, reducing stress and getting decent sleep, on the other hand, can help your body maintain a functioning and healthy immune system. Although these lifestyle behaviors are not foolproof, they contribute to overall good health and ultimately to a healthier immune system.